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深化现代职业教育体系建设改革（人民时评）******
优化课程供给，促进职业教育的“专业群”与区域经济的“产业群”无缝对接，让职业教育成为“有学头、有盼头、有奔头”的教育
在上海，职业院校与区级政府合作建立“双元制”特色产业学院，整合职业教育资源；在安徽，职业院校与制造企业签订校企合作订单协议书，推动校企合作、产教融合；在山东青岛，企业发挥主体作用，接收职业院校或高等学校学生实习实训……近年来，多地整合职业教育资源，为区域经济高质量发展培养高素质技术技能人才。
习近平总书记强调：“在全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程中，职业教育前途广阔、大有可为。”近日，中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅印发《关于深化现代职业教育体系建设改革的意见》，要求“深化职业教育供给侧结构性改革”“培养更多高素质技术技能人才、能工巧匠、大国工匠”，并从战略任务、重点工作、组织实施等方面为持续推进现代职业教育体系建设改革描绘了蓝图。
深化现代职业教育体系建设改革，要以提升职业院校关键能力为基础。当前，新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在重构全球创新版图、重塑全球经济结构，职业教育要围绕国家重大战略，紧密对接产业升级和技术变革趋势，面向新业态、新职业、新岗位，优先在现代制造业、现代服务业、现代农业等领域，组织知名专家、业界精英和优秀教师，打造核心课程，及时把新方法、新技术、新工艺、新标准引入教育教学实践。同时，优化课程供给，促进职业教育的“专业群”与区域经济的“产业群”无缝对接，让职业教育成为“有学头、有盼头、有奔头”的教育。
深化现代职业教育体系建设改革，要持续深化产教融合、科教融汇。把企业搬进职业院校、让职业院校走进企业，推动职业院校育才和企业用人的精准匹配，找准校企双方的结合点、共赢点，让职业院校和企业真正做到“两头热”和“真融合”。比如，有的职业院校与合作企业灵活设置“厂中校”和“订单班”，企业提供学习、住宿场所，职业院校提供教育教学设施设备，按照教育教学计划和企业用工需求，适时安排学生进驻产业学院。通过合作，职业院校得以充分利用企业的场地、设备资源，企业也获得了技能人才供给。在延伸校企合作的深度与范围上做好文章，打通学校到企业的“最后一公里”，就能实现人才培养与企业需求精准有效对接。
深化现代职业教育体系建设改革，还要持续推动职普融通。以中等职业学校为基础、高职专科为主体、职业本科为牵引，建设一批符合经济社会发展和技术技能人才培养需要的高水平职业院校和专业，是改革职业教育体系的题中应有之义。比如，上海的一家职业本科院校的毕业生成了就业市场的“香饽饽”，首届37名职业本科毕业生日前顺利毕业走上工作岗位，还有一名考上全日制硕士研究生继续深造。确立就业和升学“双导向”，贯通职业教育与本科教育，打破职业教育止步于高职的“天花板”，不同禀赋的学生就能够多次选择、多样化成才，职业教育也能在就业市场上进一步增强竞争力与吸引力。
教育是国之大计、党之大计。职业教育是培养技术技能人才、促进就业创业创新、推动中国制造和服务实现高质量发展的重要基础。围绕产业结构升级而“转”，随着市场需求转变而“动”，适应社会发展需要而“变”，职业教育必能不断发展，既为广大青年学习就业提供新的选择，又为高质量发展提供人才支撑。（康岩）
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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