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中国西北“空中杂技”传承600年诠释“莫等闲”******
(新春见闻)中国西北“空中杂技”传承600年诠释“莫等闲”
中新社青海湟中2月4日电 题：中国西北“空中杂技”传承600年诠释“莫等闲”
作者 李隽
“我是‘孙悟空’，我是‘财神’……”根据角色设计，一群小男孩早上7点半就挤在屋子里，为当日的“空中杂技”高台打脸谱。
每年的农历正月十三，是“中国民间文化艺术(高台)之乡”青海省湟中县拦隆口镇千户营村老老少少最期待的日子。
被称为“空中杂技”的高台在千户营村已有600多年历史，是将装扮着传统戏剧人物的孩童，绑在接近两层楼高的木料或铁杆上，其下有台板支撑，讲述《五虎上将》《封神榜》《大闹天宫》等传统戏剧故事，是集当地绘画、刺绣、木雕等民间技艺于一体的高空造型艺术，以高、悬、妙、奇著称。2008年被列入中国第二批“国家级非物质文化遗产名录”。
“老辈人说千户营高台是明代洪武年间从南京传到这里的，到我这一辈是第13代。”61岁的千户营高台国家级非遗传承人李富先说，“高台娃娃都是五六岁的小娃娃，要勇敢能吃苦才能绑，长大了体重大了，在高台上不稳当。”
上午10点半，村民们在村里山神庙集合，20多个扮了相的小男孩依次顺着梯子爬上屋顶，高台匠人根据戏剧曲目，将他们用红布绑在踏板上。一旁，没有“抢到”扮相的孩子一脸羡慕。
“高台娃娃都是故事里菩萨、英雄的化身，寓意吉祥，村里的孩子每年都抢着上高台，稍有犹豫就错失良机。”千户营高台第14代传人之一陈虎邦说，“我们小时候抢扮相，老一辈都说‘莫等，一等就是3年。’”
“一等就是3年，很多娃娃3年后就长大很多，想绑也绑不成了。”李富先说，按照老人们留下的规矩，绑高台，一绑三年才能换人，自己六岁时就绑过。
每年因戏剧曲目不同，高台造型也会有差异，但脚踏鳌头、面目狰狞的“魁星”高台，600年来从未改变。
“‘魁星’寓意‘点状元’，村里考大学的人家，都搭红祈福希望独占鳌头。”李富先说，千户营的高台从最初的三台，到之后的五台、七台、九台，绑单不绑双，所以现在增加到了十九台。
中午12点，伴着一阵鞭炮和锣鼓声，以千户营高台为主的社火队开始表演，所到之处欢呼吆喝声不断，不时有村民上前搭红祈福。
社火队中，与“空中杂技”高台有异曲同工之妙的高跷表演惊险吸睛。“哪吒”“悟空”等20多个戏剧人物踩着两米多高的高跷扭着身子，诙谐生动。
“最高的高跷有三米多，有三四十斤重，也是我们湟中的特色。”据陈虎邦介绍，湟中县鲁沙尔镇是“中国民间文化艺术(高跷)之乡”，正月里踩高跷被民众称为“空中舞蹈”。
在地处中国西北的青海省农业区，多地都有高台、高跷表演传统，只是千户营的表演文化底蕴更为深厚，小孩子们争抢着绑高台的场景也独树一帜。
“老人们都说过年时绑了高台，踩高跷，孩子们身体健康、学业有成，来年事事都会吉祥如意。”李富先说。(完)
中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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